Automatic pistol

ABSTRACT

Provided is an automatic pistol comprising a frame with frame guides, a barrel arranged on the frame guides of the frame, a breech and a closing and locking device. The closing and locking device comprises a rod with a closing spring and further comprises a guide bushing, wherein the guide bushing is couplable to the rod and wherein the rod comprises lateral locking elements at its rear end. The frame also has symmetrically arranged inclined grooves designed to receive the locking elements of the rod, so that the rod is guided from an inclined position (locking position) to a horizontal position (unlocking position) and vice versa as a result of a shot from the gun.

The invention relates to the field of weaponry. In particular, the invention relates to an automatic pistol, the automatic action of which is based on the principle of a recoil loader with a short recoil barrel.

Known is the pistol BERETTA mod.92-pistol (source of information: V. I. Murakhovsky, S. L. Fedoseev “Infanteriewaffe”, M., publisher “Arsenal-Press”, 1992, pages 39-43).

The pistol includes a frame, a breech, a movable barrel, a locking device, a trigger and striker device, and a magazine. The pistol further includes a locking device comprising a pivotable locking element and a wedge that unlocks the locking element when the barrel slides back.

A disadvantage of the known pistol is that the locking element connected to the barrel has an inclined edge which rests against an inclined edge of the frame during forward travel. This creates increased friction at the back-locking surfaces. Another disadvantage is the overall complexity of the gun. The locking device is designed as a separate unit, increasing the total number of parts included in the structure. Furthermore, special guides are required to mount the barrel in the frame, which complicates both the barrel and frame design and the manufacture of the pistol.

The principle of a recoil loader with a short recoiling barrel is widely used in automatic pistols. Various technical solutions are used in the implementation of the principle.

A disadvantage of most existing designs in which this automatic principle is used is a slightly increased friction between the breech and the direct-locking element of the design due to the relative movement between mutually contacting surfaces (especially when the breech slides forward).

Regardless of the realization of the shutter, i.e. by the running slope, its rotation around its axis or a separate part, direct-locking protrusions or return limitations constantly bear against the back-locking surfaces transversely to its direction of movement during advance. This creates increased friction. This occurs under the influence of a frame element (sloping, inclined edge), which is responsible for the running and closing connection at the end of movement of moving parts.

With sufficient lubrication, this friction is insignificant and does not significantly affect automatic operation. However, with contamination and lack of lubrication, friction increases. This leads to a slowdown in the forward sliding of the shutter and can result in shutter operating problems.

The present invention is based on the problem of simplifying the locking and closing design of automatic pistols and increasing the reliability of the automatic system by reducing friction in the forward sliding of the breech.

To solve this task, an automatic pistol according to independent claim 1 is provided.

According to one variant, the automatic pistol according to the invention comprises a frame (e.g., a grip) with frame guides, a barrel arranged on the frame guides, and a breech with two symmetrical locking projections and an elongated recess (e.g., a channel) in the breech for receiving the barrel. Furthermore, the pistol comprises a closing and locking device comprising a rod with a closing spring and a guide bush. At its rear end, the rod of the closing and locking device has symmetrical locking elements, at the ends of which symmetrical slopes are formed. Symmetrical inclined grooves are formed on the frame of the gun. The guide bush is rotatably connected at its rear end either to symmetrical horizontal frame pins or to a barrel retaining lever of the frame.

Locking is achieved by an upward movement of the rear end of the rod and engagement of the locking elements with the symmetrical locking projections of the lock. In this locking position, the rod is supported by the guide bushing, with the locking spring holding the rod in the locking position. In a lower unlocking position, the rod is parallel to the direction of movement of the closure and is again held in this position by the closing spring.

Depending on the position of the rod and the guide bushing relative to the frame, a vertical component of the closing spring force is formed. In the upper position of the rod (i.e. in the locking position), this acts on an interlocking or anchoring of the locking elements with the locking projections. In the lower position of the rod (i.e. in the unlocking position), the closing spring force prevents contact of the locking elements with the closure.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to simplify the design of generic automatic pistols by combining the functions of two mechanisms, the closing and locking mechanism, in one closing and locking mechanism. Friction during slide forward of the bolt due to the forced fixation of the rear end of the rod with the locking elements in the lower position (unlock position) is to be reduced by the action of the vertical component of the closing spring force, which keeps the upper levels of the locking elements out of contact with the bolt during slide forward. A special guide frame for the barrel is not required, since barrel positioning is ensured by its location in the breech channel, and longitudinal movement is limited by a simply shaped groove in the frame in which the barrel projection is inserted.

The shape of individual parts is simplified both structurally and technologically, which in turn facilitates their manufacture.

The technical solution is illustrated by the following drawings. They show:

FIG. 1 a general view of a sectional view of an automatic gun according to the present invention,

FIG. 2 a sectional view of an automatic pistole according to the present invention, with the barrel and the bolt in the forwardmost position and the closing and locking device in the (erected) locked position,

FIG. 3 a sectional view of an automatic pistole according to the invention with the barrel and the shutter in the retracted (i.e. sliding back) position and with the closing and locking device in the (horizontal) unlocked position,

FIG. 4 a sectional view of the automatic pistol according to FIG. 2 along the sectional plane A-A,

FIG. 5 a sectional view of the automatic pistol according to FIG. 2 along the sectional plane B-B,

FIG. 6 a sectional view of the automatic pistol according to FIG. 2 along the sectional plane C-C (the guide bushing is not shown),

FIG. 7 a sectional view of an automatic pistol according to an alternative variant, in which the guide bushing is rotatably connected to the frame by the barrel retaining lever, with the barrel and the breech in the forwardmost position and the closing and locking device in the (erected) locking position, and

FIG. 8 the section of an automatic pistol shown in FIG. 7 with the breechblock returning (i.e. sliding back) after the breechblock has been unlocked and with the closing and locking device in the (horizontal) unlocked position.

The device functions as follows:

Before a shot (FIG. 2), the barrel 3 and the breech 2 are in the forward position under the action of the recoil spring 8, with the recoil limiting element 6 resting with the rear 19 of its recess 18 against the barrel retaining lever 10.

The symmetrical locking elements 5 of the rod 4 rest with their front surfaces 22 against the locking projections 11 of the shutter 2 and with the central part of the back surface 20 against the barrel retaining lever 6, causing a rigid connection of the barrel 3 and the shutter 2. The lower surfaces of the locking elements 5 rest on the symmetrical horizontal surfaces 17 of the frame 1, and the front end of the rod 4 is located in the recess 13 of the front part of the shutter 2.

In the initial position shown in FIG. 2, the closing and locking device is in the locking position. The closing spring 8 is supported against the guide bush 7, which is rotatably mounted around the frame pins 14. The rod 4 with the closing spring 8 arranged thereon is aligned in such a way that the linear closing spring force points locally over the axis of rotation of the guide bush 7 running through the pins 14. This produces a torque about the rotation axis of the guide bushing 7, so that the rear end of the rod 4 with the locking elements 5 is pressed upwards in the direction of the barrel 3 by a (converted) vertical force component of the closing spring force.

In order to ensure the necessary room for movement of the rod 4 in the guide bushing 7, the guide bushing 7 has corresponding concave recesses on its upper side and on its lower side (cf. FIG. 4). These concave recesses allow tilting between the rod 4 and the guide bushing 7 in the locking position (cf. FIG. 2).

After a shot has been fired (FIG. 3), the bolt 2 and the barrel 3, which is rigidly connected to it, move back under the influence of the recoil energy released during the shot (i.e. the influence of the pressure of the powder gases on the base of the cartridge case) and choose to run freely until the rear slopes (i.e. the rear chamfers) 15 of the locking elements 5 of the rod 4 come into contact with the rear surfaces of the symmetrical inclined grooves 9 (i.e. with the frame grooves) of the frame 1. The guide bush 7 rests against the frame pins 14 and does not undergo any backward movement (as do the breech 2 and the barrel 3). As a result, the closing spring 8 is tensioned. When the barrel 3 and the shutter 2 move further, as a result of the interaction of the slopes 15 of the locking elements 5 with the inclined grooves 9 of the frame 1, there is a lowering of the rear end of the rod 4 with respect to its front end. As a result, the contact with the barrel 3 and the shutter 2 is released. The guide bush 7 mounted on the rod 4 is rotated around its axis of rotation (frame pins 14) to a horizontal position. After contact has been released with the shutter 2, the barrel 3 rests with its rear side against the return limiting element 6, the movement of which is limited by the rear surface of the guide groove 21 of the frame 1. When the return limiting element 6 reaches the back surface of the guide groove 21, the horizontal movement of the barrel 3 is stopped.

The action of the closing spring force of the closing spring 8 changes after the rear end of the rod 4 is fully lowered with the locking elements 5. In the lowest position of the rear end of the rod 4 (unlocking position of the closing and locking device), the linear spring force is directed locally below the axis of rotation (of the pins 14) of the guide bush 7 and thus generates a torque about the axis of rotation opposite to the torque in the locking position. The vertical component of the force of the closing spring 8 formed in this position, which is directed downwards, pushes the rear end of the rod 4 with the locking elements 5 downwards in the direction of the frame 1 (i.e. away from the barrel 3) and holds the closing and locking device in this position. In this unlocking position, the locking elements 5 are no longer in contact with the shutter 2.

In the unlocking position, the rod 4 is parallel to the direction of movement of the shutter 2.

When the bolt 2 returns (i.e. slides back) to its rearmost position (on the left in the figures), the barrel 3 remains immobile. The cartridge case is removed from the chamber by means of an ejector and a reflector (both not shown in the figures) through a recess (not shown in the figures) in the bolt 2. At this point, the recoil spring 8 is in a maximally compressed state.

During the subsequent advance (i.e. sliding forward) of the breechblock 2 to the frontmost position (on the right in the figures), the next cartridge from the magazine is fed to the chamber under the action of the force of the recoil spring 8.

During the advance process, the barrel 3 remains in its rearmost position (on the left in the figures) until the next cartridge is completely fed to the chamber. The rear end of the rod 4 with the locking elements 5 is in the horizontal position (unlocking position of the closing and locking device) and is lowered into the frame 1 as far as it will go. In this position, the rod 4 is held by the vertically downward force component of the closing spring 8. The upper levels of the locking elements 5 do not touch the closure 2 and thus do not generate any friction during the forward sliding and during the backward sliding of the closure 2.

Immediately after the cartridge is fully fed into the chamber of the barrel 3, the bolt 2 rests against the breech face (outer left limit) of the barrel 3 and begins to move it forward. The rear end of the rod 4 rises with the corresponding surfaces of the inclined grooves 9 of the frame 1 under the influence of the recoil limit 6 of the barrel 3 and the forward slopes 16 of the locking elements 5. Thus, with the forward movement of the lock 2, the rear end of the rod 4 with the locking elements 5 is guided upward along the frame guide grooves 9 in the direction of the barrel 3 until the locking elements 5 in their uppermost position engage with their front surfaces 19 behind the locking projections 11 of the lock 2 and perform the locking operation. As the rear end of the rod 4 rises, the guide bush 7 begins to rotate upward about its axis of rotation defined by the frame pins 14. The direction in which the force of the closing spring 8 acts on the locking elements 5 changes again. That is, after the linear spring force again points over the axis of rotation of the guide bushing 7, a vertical component of the force of the closing spring 8 causes the locking elements 5 to be pressed upward again in the direction of the barrel 3. Thus, they secure the locking of the locking elements 5 behind the locking projections 11 of the shutter 2. After the complete interlocking (or locking) of the locking elements 5 with the locking projections 11 of the shutter 2, the barrel 3 moves forward again together with the shutter 2 until it rests against the barrel retaining lever 10 with the back surface 19 of the recess 18 in its return limit 6. The locking elements 5 thereby rise above the horizontal surfaces 17 of the frame 1.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show an alternative embodiment of an automatic gun according to the invention, in which the guide bush 7 is not rotatably mounted about frame pins 14, but about barrel retaining levers 10. The device according to FIGS. 7 and 8 functions in the same way as discussed in connection with FIGS. 2-6, except for the bearing and the structural adaptation of the guide bush 7.

The technical solution of the present invention makes it possible to simplify the design compared to the prior art and to increase the reliability. In particular, frictional wear due to the relative movement of the latch with respect to the elements of the locking mechanism can be avoided.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

-   1—Frame (handle) -   2—latch -   3—barrel -   4—rod of the closing and locking mechanism -   5—locking elements -   6—return limiting element -   7—guide bush -   8—closing spring -   9—Symmetrical inclined frame grooves -   10—Barrel retaining lever -   11—Locking projections (of the breech) -   12—Recess for barrel muzzle -   13—Recess for rod -   14—Frame pins (horizontal) -   15—Back bevels of locking elements -   16—Front bevels of locking elements -   17—Horizontal frame surfaces -   18—Recess in the return limiting element -   19—Inner surface of the recess -   20—Back surface of the bar -   21—Frame guide groove -   22—Front surfaces of the locking elements 

1. Automatic gun comprising: A frame (1) having frame guides, a barrel (3) arranged on the frame guides of the frame (1) a shutter (2), and a closing and locking device, characterized in that the closing and locking device comprises a rod (4) with a closing spring (8) and further comprises a guide bush (7), wherein the guide bush (7) can be coupled to the rod (4) and wherein the rod (4) comprises lateral locking elements (5) at its rear end, and in that the frame (1) further has symmetrically arranged inclined grooves (9) which are designed to receive the locking elements (5) of the rod (4), so that the rod (4) is guided from an oblique position (locking position) into a horizontal position (unlocking position) and vice versa as a result of a shot from the pistol.
 2. Automatic pistol according to claim 1, further comprising: two frame pins (14) which are arranged opposite each other in the frame (1), wherein the guide bush (7) is rotatably arranged on the frame pins, wherein the closing fields (8) in the locking position exert a spring force on the guide bushing (7), the line of force of which runs above the axis of rotation of the guide bushing (7), and wherein in the unlocked position the closing fields (8) exert a spring force on the guide bushing (7), the line of force of which extends below the axis of rotation of the guide bushing (7).
 3. Automatic gun according to claim 1, further comprising: a recoil limiting element (6), which is arranged in a frame guide groove (21) of the frame (1) provided for this purpose and the movement clearance of which is limited during recoil by a rear wall of the frame guide groove (21) and during forward travel by a barrel retaining lever (10) fastened in the frame (1), wherein the support element (7) is rotatably arranged on the barrel retaining lever (10), wherein the closing fields (8) in the locking position exert a spring force on the guide bush (7), the line of force of which runs above the axis of rotation of the guide bush (7), and wherein, in the unlocked position, the closing fields (8) exert a spring force on the guide bushing (7), the line of force of which runs below the axis of rotation of the guide bushing (7).
 4. Automatic gun according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lateral locking elements (5) of the rod (4) each have a rear slope (15) and a front slope (16), the course of which corresponds to the course of the inclined grooves (9) of the frame (1).
 5. automatic pistol according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two locking projections (11) arranged symmetrically to one another are formed in the shutter (2).
 6. automatic pistol according to claim 5, wherein the lateral locking elements (5) of the rod (4) are further adapted to engage the locking protrusions (11) of the shutter (2) in the locking position and to effect a locking. 